Ventilator



June 22 1926.

J. H. YOUNG ET AL VENTILATOR Filed Dec. 28, 1922 Patented June 22, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

JAMES HOWARD YOUNG AND PAUL DE WITT GEPHART, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYL- VAN IA, ASSIGNORS TO K. H. ROBERTSON COMPANY, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVA-- NIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

VENTILATOR.

Application filed December 28, 1922. Serial No. 609,391.

This invention relates to a ventilator for buildings, vessels, chimneys and like structures, and has for its object to provide a ventilator of maximum efficiency at a minimum cost.

To this end, the ventilator is constructed so as to effectively keep the wind out of the ventilator; to provide for easy passage of the gaseous fluid from within the building to the atmosphere through the ventilator; and to prevent the rain from entering the building or other structure through the ventilator.

A ventilator having these functions is especially adapted for use on fiat roofs.

The ventilator is also preferably provided with means for deflecting upwardly flowing air currents so as to prevent them from entering the ventilator.

The ventilator provided with this defiecting feature is especially useful on pitched or inclined roofs.

The particular features of the invention will be pointed out in the claims at the end of this specification.

Fig. 1 is an elevation of one form of ventilator embodying this invention.

Fig. 2, a vertical section of the ventilator shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3, a plan of the ventilator shown in Fig. 1, and

Fig. 4, a diagrammatic view to be referred to.

In the present instance is shown a construction of ventilator which is capable of being used on a building having a flat roof or on a building having a pitched roof, with equal e'liiciency. v

The ventilator herein shown is provided with an eduction pipe 10, a cap member 12, a storm band 13, which are suitably connected together, and having a definite relation to one another as will be described to obtain a ventilator of'maximum efliciency.

To this end, the cap member 12 is located above the outlet mouth or upper edge of the eduction pipe 10 within the storm band 13, and its lower rim or edge is separated from said outlet mouth a substantial distance, and the storm band 13 is made of a length equal to and preferably longer than the distance between the eduction pipe 10 and the cap member 12, so as to extend below the upper edge of the eduction pipe and above the lower edge or rim of the cap member, and thereby practically close the space between the cap member and the eduction pipe to the entrance of air currents flowing in a direction substantially at right angles to the axis of the storm band as indicated by the arrow 20.

The storm band 13 is also made of such diameter orsize with relation to the cap member 12 and eduction pipe 10, as to afford direct communication, in the absence of obstructions, from the eduction pipe to .the atmosphere through the space between the cap member 12 and the upper edge of the storm band, as indicated by the dotted lines 21, Fig. 4.

It is desirable that the direct passage from the eduction pipe 10 to: the atmosphere in the absence of obstructions, should be as wide as possible while providing against the entrance of air into the ventilator at its top and also providing against the entrance of rain into the eduction pipe.

For the first purpose, to wit: to obtain a direct passage of maximum width between the cap member and the storm band while providing against the passage of air into the ventilator at the top, the storm band 13 and cap member 12 are constructed and arranged with relation to each other and to the eduction pipe so that the storm band extends above the lower edge of the cap member a sufficient distance to prevent air currents flowing over the upper edge of the storm band from passing down into the ventilator, and the cap member is of such size or diameter and is positioned with relation to the storm band and the eduction pipe so that its lower edge is separated a substantial distance from an inclined plane tangential to the upper edges of the storm band 13 and eduction pipe 10 and intersecting the longitudinal axis 40 of the latter,

which inclined plane is repres nted by the full line 41 in Fig. 2.

The width of the direct passage in the ventilator illustrated in Fig. 2 is represented by the distance between the inclined plane 41 and an inclined plane 42 tangential to the lower edge of the cap member 12 and intersecting the longitudinal axis of the eduction pipe 10 at the point where said axis is intersected by the plane 41.

By making the storm band 13 long enough to extend below the throat or outlet mouth of the eduction pipe and above the rim or lower edge of the cap member, the wind is prevented from entering the ventilator when it flows in a horizontal direction indicated by the arrow 20, and the wind which passes over the ventilator has a maximum aspirating effect on the gases within the ventilator and draws them from the eduction pipe through. the space between the cap member and the storm band. A' ventilator of this construction could be used to advantage on flat roofs.

If, however, air currents should also flow upwardly as well as horizontally, as would occur when the ventilator is used on a pitched or inclined roof, the efficiency of the ventilator thus far described, would be reduced by such upwardly flowing currents, which are represented in Fig. 4 by the arrow 23.

To avoid this, the ventilator is provided with means for deflecting such upwardly flowing currents of air and cause them to pass upwardly outside of the ventilator.

In the present instance, a deflecting band 25 constitutes such means. The deflecting band 25 is attached at its end of smaller diameter to the eduction pipe in any suitable manner, and is inclined upwardly and its upper end is made of larger diameter than the storm band so as to ensure the deflection of the upwardly flowing currents of air to the outside of the storm band and prevent them from entering the ventilator.

While a ventilator having an unobstructed or free passage for the gases from the eduction pipe to the atmosphere through the space between the cap member and the storm band, is of the highest efiiciency, such ventilator would permit rain, when falling at the proper angle, to enter the building through said direct passage, and therefore means are provided for preventing the passage of rain into the eduction pipe with the least possible impairment of the efficiency of the ventilator.

To this end, the ventilator is provided in the present instance with one or more baifie rings 27, which are located between the cap member 12 and the eduction pipe 10' so as to intercept the direct passage represented by the inclined lines 21.

The baflle rings 27 are preferably made of substantially the same diameter as the rim of the cap member, as shown in Fig. 2.

By reference to Fig. 2, it will be seen that any rain which enters the ventilator at its top on an angle indicated by the lines 21, would strike the upper surface of the baffle ring and pass through the passage between the storm band 13 and the eduction pipe 10 and strike upon the deflecting band 25, and would run down thereon and escape through the opening 28 between the lower rim of the said band and the eduction pipe, or if the deflecting band should be fitted tight to the eduction pipe, the rain could pass through suitable drainage openings in the deflecting band. It is desirable that the bafiie ring 27 should function to prevent the rain entering the eduction pipe with the least possible diversion from a direct path of the gases flowing out of the eduction pipe, and this is accomplished as herein shown by making thebafile ring of substantially the diameter of the lower edge of the cap member and locating the same so that its lower edge projects slightly beyond the plane 41.

By reference to Fig. 2, it will be seen that the baffle ring 27 while effectively preventing the entrance of rain into the eduction pipe, projects a minimum amount beyond one side limit of the direct path, to wit: the plane 41, and thereby causes a minimum diversion of the outflowing gases from said direct path, so that the efficiency of the ventilator is but slightly reduced below the maximum by the presence of the device which excludes the rain.

To prevent air passing up through the drainage opening 28 from entering the ventilator, the eduction pipe 10 is provided on its outer surface with an outwardly extended and preferably a downward inclined lip 30, which acts to trap the air flowing upwardl along the eduction pipe.

The ventilator herein shown can be used on a flat roof or on a pitched roof with equal efliciency, and therefore can be sold as a standard for all roofs. "While it is preferred to make the construction herein shown as a standard for all roofs it is not desired to limit the invention in this respect, as the ventilator may be made without the deflecting band 25 for use on flat roofs or those places where horizontal currents of air only are encountered.

The parts or members of the ventilator may be tied together in any suitable manner, and in the present instance are shown as connected in fixed relation to one another by bars or straps 32.

In practice a highly efficient ventilator has been made in which the storm band 13 has a diameter equal to 1.92 of the diameter of the eduction pipe, and the lower edge or rim of the cap member has a diameter equal to 1.33 of the diameter of the eduction pipe 'and is separated from the latter by a distance which is equal to .584 of the diameter of the eduction pipe.

WVhile it may be preferred to maintain this relation between the size' of the storm trapping air currents flowing upwardly along said pipe, acap member located above said eduction pipe and separated therefrom a substantial distance, and a storm band of materially greater diameter than said eduction pipe surrounding the latter,

said eduction pipe, cap member and storm band being constructed and arranged to have the lower end of the storm band extended below the top of the eduction pipe to prevent horizontally flowing air currents from entering the ventilator at the bottom thereof, and to have the upper end of the storm band extended above the lower edge of the cap member to prevent horizontally flowing air currents from entering the ven-. tilator at its top and yet leave a substantial space between the lower edge of the cap member and a plane tangential to the upper edges of the storm band and eduction pipe and intersecting the longitudinal axis of the latter, to form a direct passage of substantial width from the eduction pipe to the atmosphere in the absence of obstructions therein, means for obstructing said direct passage to prevent the entrance of rain into the eduction pipe, and means (30- operating with the storm band and eduction pipe to deflect to the outside of said storm band upwardly inclined flowing air currents.

2. A ventilator comprising an eduction pipe, a cap member located above said eduction pipe and separated therefrom a substantial distance, and a storm band of materially greater diameter than said eduction pipe surrounding the latter, said eduction pipe, cap member and storm band being constructed and arranged to have the lower end of the storm band extended below the top of the eduction pipe to prevent horizontally flowing air currents from entering the ventilator at the bottom thereof, and to have the upper end of the storm band eX- tended above the lower edge of the cap member to preventhorizontally flowing air currents from entering the ventilator at its top and yet leavea substantial space between the lower edge of the cap member and a plane tangential to the upper edges of the storm band and eduction pipe and intersecting the longitudinal axis of the latter,

to form a direct passage of substantial width from the eduction pipe to the atmosphere in the absence of obstructions therein, and a baflie ring interposed between the cap member and eduction pipe and having its outer edge terminating substantially in said plane,

3. A ventilator comprising an eduction pipe provided near its upper edge with a lip extended downward and outwardly for trapping air currents flowing upwardly along the said pipe, a cap member located above said eduction pipe and separated therefrom a substantial distance, and a storm band of materially greater diameter than said eduction pipe surrounding the latter, said eduction pipe, cap member and storm band being constructed and arrangedto have the lower end of the storm band extended below the li on the eduction pipe to prevent horizontally flowing air currents from entering "the ventilatorat the bottom thereof, and to have the upper end of the storm band extended above the lower edge of the cap member to prevent horizontally flowing air currents from entering the ventilator at its top and yet leave a substantial space between the lower edge of the cap member and a plane tangential to the upper edges of the storm band and eduction pipe and intersecting the longitudinal axis of the latter, to form a direct passage of substantial width to provide a relatively free outlet from the eduction pipe to the atmosphere in the absence of obstructions therein.

4. A ventilator comprising an eduction pipe provided near its upper end with a lip extended downward and.outwardly,"a cap member located above and separated from said eduction pipe, and astorm band surrounding said eduction pipe and cap member and extending below the lip on the upper end of said eduction pipe and above the lower end of the cap member, said storm band having a diameter substantially equal to 1.92 of the diameter of the eduction pipe, and said cap member at its lower edge having a diameter substantially equal to 1.33 of the diameter of the eduction pipe and separated from the latter a distance substantially equal to .584 of the diameter of the eduction pipe.

5. A ventilator comprising an eduction pipe, a cap member located above said eduction pipe and separated therefrom a subtering the ventilator at the bottom thereof,

and to have the upper end of the storm band extended above the lower edge of the cap member to prevent horizontally flowing air currents from entering the ventilator at its top and yet leave a substantial space between the lower edge of the cap member and a plane tangential to the upper edges of the storm band and eduction pipe and intersecting the longitudinal axis of the latter, to form a direct passage of substantial width from the eduction pipe to the atmosphere in the absence of obstructions 5 therein, means for obstructing said direct passage to prevent the entrance of rain into the eduction pipe, and means co-operating with the storm band and eduction pipe to deflect to the outside of'said storm band upwardly inclined flowing air currents. 10 In testimony whereof, we have signed our names to this specification.

JAMES HOWARD YOUNG.

PAUL DE WITT GEPHART. 

